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The depression connection

New research has revealed a disturbing link between teens with smartphones and depression, even suicide. The author of the study, Dr. Steven Scholzman, says cellphones may be contributing to a mental health crisis among adolescents.

"What we know is that if a kid has a cellphone there seems to be a greater association with the likelihood for depression," said Scholzman, a child psychiatrist.

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The study appeared in a recent issue of "Clinical Psychological Science." It found that teens who spent time on non-screen activities such as sports, exercise or reading print materials, were less likely to report mental health issues than those spending time on devices with screens like smartphones. The study also said rates of depression among teenagers started going up as smartphone ownership rose.

How might smartphone use lead to depression? Dr. Schlozman said it may have to do with communication or rather, the illusion of communication that many teens have.

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"So we are wired to understand what each other are saying through these very nuanced communications, eyebrows going up or down, blinking, changes in facial expression," said Schlozman.

What we are not wired for, he said, is texting. Texting is primarily how teens communicate.

"It's like the only way to communicate," said Juliana Troland, a high school freshman.

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"If I don't text, they won't talk to me," said Shelly Sullivan, a parent of two teenagers. "If I call, they won't answer."

Texting may be fast and easy, but research shows that a lack of face-to-face communication contributes to isolation and loneliness. Dr. Schlozman also pointed out the permanence of nasty things that are said online.

"Kids are more impulsive than adults, so they're more likely to send those texts or emails or Istagrams or Snapchats and they can't take it back," Schlozman said, which then leads to anxiety.

For many parents, taking the smartphone away is neither an option nor a desire since they do serve a useful purpose. However, experts say parents who place limits can see benefits.

Juliana Troland said she used to sleep with her phone nearby and that meant a lot less sleep. Now, her parents have asked her to put her phone down in the kitchen before she goes to bed.

"It improves my focusing," said Troland. "I can pay attention more for a longer period of time and I can get more work done at school."

Dr. Schlozman said the warning signs of depression include a loss of interest in activities, increased time spent alone, sleeping during the day and sudden changes in appetite. If your teenager has these symptoms, he said you should consult with your doctor.

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